PUBLICATIONS
J.E.L. CARTER
San Diego, CA. 92182-7251, U.S.A.
[Listed in chronological order in each section.]
BOOKS AND CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
De Garay, A.L., L. Levine, and J.E.L. Carter. (1974). (Eds.) Genetic and Anthropological Study of
Olympic Athletes.
Carter, J.E.L. The
Heath-Carter Somatotype Method. (1980) .San Diego: San Diego State University
Press Syllabus Service. (Third Edition).
Carter, J.E.L. (Ed.) (1982). Physical
Structure of Olympic Athletes. Part I. The
(The following chapters are
included in the previous reference.)
1. Introduction. J.E.L.
Carter. (pp. 1-4.)
4. Anthropometry of
5. Somatotypes of
7. Body Composition of
9. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Anthropometric Measurements of
10. Summary and Applications. J.E.L. Carter, D.A. Sleet and J.F. Climie.
(pp. 138-149.)
Carter, J.E.L. (Ed.) (1984). Physical
Structure of Olympic Athletes. Part II. Kinanthropometry of Olympic Athletes.
Medicine and Sport Science, Vol. 18.
(The following chapters are
included in the previous reference.)
1. Introduction: The Kinanthropometric Approach. J.E.L. Carter. (pp.
1-6.)
5. Age and Body Size of Olympic Athletes. J.E.L. Carter. (pp. 53-79.)
6. Somatotypes of Olympic Athletes from 1948 to 1976. J.E.L. Carter. (pp.
80-109.)
8. Skinfolds and Body Composition of Olympic Athletes. J.E.L. Carter
and M.S. Yuhasz. (pp. 144-182.)
9. Growth Status of Olympic Athletes Less than 18 Years of Age. R.M.
Malina, B.B. Little, C. Bouchard, J.E.L. Carter, P.C.R. Hughes, D. Kunze, and
L. Ahmed. (pp. 183-201.)
10. Comparative Factor Analyses of Anthropometric Variables for
Athletes at the
12. Summary and Future Directions. J.E.L. Carter. (pp. 231-241.)
Martin, A.D., J.E.L. Carter, K.C. Hendy, and R.M. Malina. (1988). Segment
lengths. In: Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. T.G.
Lohman, A.F. Roche, and R. Martorell (Eds).
Harrison, G.G., E.R. Buskirk, J.E.L. Carter, F.E. Johnston, T.G.
Lohman, M.L. Pollock, A.F. Roche, and J. Wilmore. (1988). Skinfold thicknesses
and measurement technique. In: Anthropometric Standardization Reference
Manual. T.G. Lohman, A.F. Roche, and R. Martorell (Eds).
Carter, J.E.L., and B.H. Heath. (1990). Somatotyping: Development and Applications.
Carter, J.E.L., and T.R. Ackland (Eds.). (1994). Kinanthropometry in Aquatic Sports - A Study of World Class Athletes.
(The following chapters are
included in the previous reference.)
4. Somatotypes. J.E.L.
Carter and M.J. Marfell-Jones.
7. Summary and implications.
T.R. Ackland, J.C. Mazza and J.E.L. Carter.
App. B. Anthropometric techniques: Precision and accuracy. W.D. Ross,
D.A. Kerr, J.E.L. Carter, T.R. Ackland and T.M. Bach.
Norton, K., Whittingham,
N.O., Carter, L., Kerr, D., Gore, C., and Marfell-Jones, M. (1996). Measurement
techniques in anthropometry. In: K. Norton and T. Olds (Eds.), Anthropometrica.
Same chapter in Spanish: Técnicas de medición en antropometría. In: K. Norton and T. Olds (Eds.), Antropometrica (Edición en español; J.C. Mazza, Ed.) Rosario, ARG: Biosystem Servicio Educativo, 2000. (Cap. 2, pp. 23-69).
Carter, L. Somatotyping. In:
K. Norton and T. Olds (Eds.), (1996). Anthropometrica.
Same chapter in Spanish:
Somatotipo. In: K. Norton and T.
Olds (Eds.), Antropometrica (Edición en español; J.C. Mazza, Ed.)
Rosario, ARG: Biosystem Servicio Educativo, 2000. (Cap. 6, pp. 113-155).
Carter, J.E.L. (1996). Somatotype analysis - Review and Comments. In L.S. Sidhu and S.P. Singh
(Eds.), Human Biology - Global Developments.
Gore, C., Olds, T., Carter,
L. and Norton, K. (1998). Accreditation
in Anthropometry - a Curriculum Guide. Belconen, Aust.:
Australian Sports Commission.
Rienzi, E., Mazza, J.C.,
Carter, J.E.L. and Reilly, T. (Eds.). (1998). Futbolista Sudamericano de Elite:
Morphologia, Analysis del Juego y Performance. Buenos Aires/Rosario:
Biosystem Servicio Educativo.
(The following chapters are included in the previous
reference.)
Chapt. 3. Organización y Métodos del Proyecto
Cineantropométrico en el Fútbol (SOKIP). J.E.L. Carter and E. Rienzi, pp.22-31.
Chapt. 6. Somatotipo y
Tamaño Corporal. J.E.L.
Carter, E. Rienzi, P.S.C. Gomes and A. Martin, pp. 64-77.
Chapt. 7. Composición Corporal. A. Martin, J.E.L. Carter
and P.S.C. Gomes, pp. 78-88.
Ross, W.D., Carr, R., and Carter, J.E.L. (1999). Anthropometry Illustrated
(CD-Rom.).
Norton, K., Marfell-Jones,
M., Whittingham, N., Kerr, D., Carter, L., Saddington, K., and Gore, C. (2000).
Anthropometric Assessment Protocols. In: C.J. Gore (Ed.), Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes: Australian Sports Commission.
(Chapt. 5, pp. 66-85.)
Duquet, W., and J.E.L. Carter. (2001). Somatotyping. In: R.G. Eston and
T. Reilly (Eds.), Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual.
Ross, W.D., Carr, R., Guelke, J. and Carter, J.E.L.
(2003). Anthropometry Fundamentals
(CD-Rom.).
ARTICLES
Carter, J.E.L. (1955). Buoyancy
and flotation.
Carter, J.E.L. (1956). Buoyancy
and flotation - their relation to swimming ability and its teaching.
Carter, J.E.L. (1958). Sports
in New Zealand Schools. State Journal of
Carter, J.E.L. (1960). Tennis
scoring - a practical revision.
Carter, J.E.L. (1962). Neuromuscular
tremor and the gymnastic lesson. Australian Journal of Physical Education. 24:16-18,
Feb-Mar.
deB-Tregurthan, J.F., and
J.E.L. Carter. (1962). Hallux valgus and foot strength.
Carter, J.E.L. (1964). The
physiques of male physical education teachers in training. Physical Education
(British), 56:169, 66-76, Nov.
Carter, J.E.L. (1965). The
physiques of female physical education teachers in training. Physical Education
(British), 57:170, 6-16, March.
Carter, J.E.L., and M.L.
Rendle. (1965). The Physiques of Royal
Kasch, F.W., W.H. Phillips, W.D. Ross, and J.E.L.
Carter. (1965). A step test for inducing maximal work. J. Assn. Physical and
Ment. Rehab. 19:3, 84-86, May-June.
Phillips, W.H., F.W. Kasch,
W.D. Ross, and J.E.L. Carter. (1965). Maximum oxygen uptake in middle-aged
males. J. Assn. Physical and Ment. Rehab. 19:4, 127-129, July-Aug.
Carter, J.E.L., W.D. Ross,
F.W. Kasch, and W.H. Phillips. (1965). Body types of middle aged males in
training. J. Assn. Physical and Ment. Rehab. 19:5, 148-151, Sept-Oct.
Ross, W.D., J.E.L. Carter,
F.W. Kasch, and W.H. Phillips. (1965). A case study of fitness differences in
two middle-aged men. J. Assn. Physical and Ment. Rehab. 19:6, 203-205, Nov-Dec.
Kasch, F.W., W.H. Phillips,
J.E.L. Carter, W.D. Ross, and J.L. Boyer. (1965). Maximum work capacity in
middle-aged males by a step-test method. J. of Sports Med. and Phys. Fit. 5:4,
198-202, Dec.
Heath, B.H., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1966). A comparison of somatotype methods. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 24:1,
87-99, Jan.
Kasch, F.W., W.H. Phillips,
W.D. Ross, J.E.L. Carter, and J.L. Boyer. (1966). A comparison of maximal
oxygen uptake by treadmill and step-test procedures. J. Appl. Physiol. 21:4,
1387-88, July.
Carter, J.E.L. (1966). The
somatotypes of swimmers. Swimming Technique. 3:3, 76-79, Oct.
Carter, J.E.L., and A.A.
Sucec. (1966). Somatotypes of collegiate and olympic distance runners. U.S.T.C.A.
Quarterly Review. pp. 36-42, Dec.
Kasch, F.W., J.E.L. Carter,
W.H. Phillips, W.D. Ross, and J.L. Boyer. (1967). A training program for
middle-aged males. J. Assn. Physical and Ment. Rehab. 21:3, 102-104, May-June.
Heath, B.H., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1967). A modified somatotype method. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 27:1,
57-74, July.
Carter, J.E.L., F.W. Kasch,
J.L. Boyer, W.H. Phillips, W.D. Ross, and A.A. Sucec. (1967). Structural and
functional assessments on a champion runner - Peter Snell. Research Quarterly. 38:3,
355-365, Oct.
Ross, W.D., F.W. Kasch, J.E.L.
Carter, and R.M. Grawunder. (1968). A fitness scoring table for middle-aged
men. Am. Corrective Therapy J. 22: 3, 76-79, May-June.
Carter, J.E.L. (1968). Somatotypes
of college football players. Research Quarterly. 39:3. 476-481, Oct.
Carter, J.E.L., and W.H.
Phillips. (1969). Structural changes in exercising middle-aged males during a
2-year period. J. Appl. Physiol. 27:787-794.
Heath, B.H., and J.E.L. Carter.
(1969). Contemporary trends in somatotype methodology: Part II. A modified
method of somatotyping. (In Russian.) Voprosi Antropologii. 33: 60-79.
Kasch, F.W., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1970). Training patterns in middle-aged males. J. Sports Med. and
Phys. Fit. 10:225-234.
Carter, J.E.L. (1970). The
somatotypes of athletes - A review. Human Biology. 42: 535-569, Dec.
Carter, J.E.L., and B.H.
Heath. (1971). Somatotype methodology and kinesiology research. Kinesiology
Review, (II): 10-19.
Heath, B.H., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1971). Growth and somatotype patterns of Manus children,
Carter, J.E.L., D.A. Sleet,
and G.N. Martin. (1971) Somatotypes of male gymnasts. J. Sports Med. and Phys.
Fit. 11: 162-171, Sept.
Carter, J.E.L. (1971). Somatotype
characteristics of champion athletes. Anthropological Congress Dedicated to
Ales Hrdlicka. V.V. Novotny (Ed).
Kasch, F.W., W.H. Phillips, J.E.L.
Carter, and J.L. Boyer. (1973). Cardiovascular changes in middle-aged men
during two years of training. J. Appl. Physiol. 34: 53-57.
Carter, J.E.L., J.
Stepnicka, and J. Clarys. (1973). The somatotypes of male physical education
majors in four countries. Research Quarterly. 44: 361-371.
Carter, J.E.L. (1974). Somatotype,
growth, and physical performance. In: The Regulation of the Adipose
Ross, W.D., J.E.L. Carter,
and B.D. Wilson. (1974). Tactics and formulae for somatotype analyses. (Paper
presented at VIIth Pediatric Work Physiology Congress, Sec, C.S.S.R., June 1974).
[Published in Carter, 1980, The Heath-Carter Somatotype Method.]
Hebbelinck, M., L. Carter,
and A. de Garay. (1975). Body build and somatotype of Olympic swimmers, divers,
and water polo players. In: Swimming II. L. Lewillie and J.P. Clarys (Eds).
Carter, J.E.L., and R.H.
Rahe. (1975). Effects of stressful underwater demolition training on body
structure. Med. and Science in Sport. 7: 304-308.
Parizkova, J., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1976). Influence of physical activity on stability of somatotypes in
boys. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 44: 327-340.
Rahe, R.H., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1976). Middle-aged male competitive swimmers. Background and body
structure characteristics. J. Sports Med. and Phys. Fit. 16: 309-318.
Ross, W.D., J.E.L. Carter,
K. Roth, and K. Willimczik. (1977). Sexual dimorphism in sport by a somatotype
I-index. In: Growth and Development; Physique. Symp. Biol. Hung. 20. O. Eiben
(Ed).
Carter, J.E.L., and J.
Parizkova. (1978). Changes in somatotypes of European males between 17 and 24
years. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 48: 251-254.
Ross, W.D., J.E.L. Carter, R.L.
Rasmussen, and J. Taylor. (1978). Anthropometric and photoscopic somatotyping
of children. In: Physical Fitness Assessment. R.J. Shephard and H. Lavallee
(Eds).
Carter, J.E.L., J. Stepnicka,
and J. Climie. (1978). Somatotypes of female physical education majors in three
countries. Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Physical Education,
Health, and Recreation, July, 1977,
Carter, J.E.L. (1978). Prediction
of outstanding athletic ability: The structural perspective. In: Exercise
Physiology, Vol.4. F. Landry and W.A.R. Orban (Eds).
Carter,
J.E.L., M. Hebbelinck, and A. de Garay. (1978). Anthropometric profiles of
Olympic athletes at
Borms, J., M. Hebbelinck,
J.E.L. Carter, W.D. Ross, and G. Lariviere. (1979). Standardization of basic
anthropometry in Olympic athletes - the MOGAP procedure. In: Methods of Functional
Anthropometry, V. Novotny and S. Titlbachova (Eds). Praha: Universitas Carolina
Pragensis, (pp. 31-39).
Carter, J.E.L. (1980). The
contributions of somatotyping to kinanthropometry. In: Kinanthropometry II. M.
Ostyn, G. Beunen, and J. Simons, (Eds).
Carter,
J.E.L. (1980). Somatotype, growth and physical performance. Geneskunde en
Sport. 2:43-47, April.
Selder, D.J., G.F. Roll, and
J.E.L. Carter. (1980). Profiles of super senior tennis players. Physician and
Sports Med. 8: 101-105.
Hebbelinck, M., W.D. Ross,
J.E.L. Carter, and J. Borms. (1980). Anthropometric characteristics of female
Olympic rowers.
Carter, J.E.L., M.L. Rendle,
and P.H. Gayton. (1981). Size and somatotype of Olympic male field hockey
players.
Carter, J.E.L. (1981). Somatotypes
of female athletes. In: The Female Athlete: A Socio-Psychological and
Kinanthropometric Approach. Medicine and Sport, Vol. 15. J. Borms, M.
Hebbelinck, and A. Venerando (Eds).
Hebbelinck, M., W.D. Ross,
J.E.L. Carter, and J. Borms. (1981). Body build of female Olympic rowers. In:
The Female Athlete: A Socio-Psychological and Kinanthropometric Approach. Medicine
and Sport, Vol. 15. J. Borms, M. Hebbelinck, and A. Venerando (Eds).
Bailey, D.A., J.E.L. Carter,
and R.L. Mirwald. (1982). Somatotypes of Canadian Men and Women. Human Biology.
54: 813-828.
Carter, J.E.L., W.D. Ross,
W. Duquet, and S.P. Aubry. (1983). Advances in Somatotype Methodology and
Analysis. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 26: 193-213.
Carter, J.E.L. (1985). A
comparison of ratings by Heath and Sheldon of somatotypes in "Atlas of
Men". Humanbiol.
Carter, J.E.L. (1985). Morphological
factors limiting human performance. In: The Limits of Human Performance, The
Carter, J.E.L. (1985). Somatotype
as a criterion of the nutritional status in athletes. In: Food, Physical
Performance and Health. J. Parizkova (Ed). Sportmedizinische Schriftenreihe,
24.
Borms, J., W.D. Ross, W.
Duquet and J.E.L. Carter. (1986). Somatotypes of world class body builders. In:
Perspectives in Kinanthropometry. J.A.P. Day (Ed).
Carter, J.E.L., and F.D.
Lucio. (1986). Body size, skinfolds, and somatotypes of high school and Olympic
wrestlers. In: Perspectives in Kinanthropometry. J.A.P. Day (Ed).
Carter, J.E.L., and B.H.
Heath. (1986). Comparison of somatotypes of young adults by two methods. In:
Kinanthropometry III. T. Reilly, J. Watkins and J. Borms (Eds).
Carter, J.E.L. (1987). A
tribute to Richard W. Parnell - Physique and Health - in memorium. Journal of
Sports Sciences. 5: 35-37.
Carter, J.E.L. (1988). Somatotypes
of children in sport. In: Young Athletes: Biological, Psychological and
Educational Perspectives. R.M. Malina (Ed).
Carter, J.E.L., and R.M.
Brallier. (1988). Physiques of specially selected young female gymnasts. In:
Young Adults: Biological, Psychological and Educational Perspectives. R.M.
Malina (Ed).
Carter, J.E.L., and B.H.
Heath. (1988). Somatotype sexual dimorphism in adult populations. Humanbiologia
Budapestinensis. 18:41-47.
Carter, J.E.L., and P.K.
Schmidt. (1990). A simple method for calibrating skinfold calipers. In:
Conference Proceedings, Vol. 3, Sport Science, Part 1. Commonwealth and International
Conference on Physical Education, Sport, Health, Dance, Recreation and Leisure,
Gottshall, K., J. Carter and
R. Moore. (1990). Comparison of skinfolds vs girth techniques in predicting
percent body fat in male and female athletes. In: Conference Proceedings, Vol.
3, Sport Science, Part 1. Commonwealth and International Conference on Physical
Education, Sport, Health, Dance, Recreation and Leisure,
Schmidt, P.K., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1990). Static and dynamic differences among five types of skinfold
calipers. Human Biology. 62:3; 369-388.
Ackland, T.R., J.C. Mazza,
L. Carter and W.D. Ross. (1991). KASP: A survey of the physiques of world
champion aquatic athletes. Sports Coach. 14(1); 10-11.
Ross, W.D., T.R. Ackland,
D.A. Kerr, J.C. Mazza and J.E.L. Carter. (1991). Proforma for the
Kinanthropometric Aquatic Sports Project. EXCEL. 7:1; 23.
Leake, C.N., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1991). Comparison of body composition and somatotype of trained female
triathletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 9:125-135.
Travill, A.L., and J.E.L.
Carter. (1993). Morphological differences in male Olympic high, long and triple
jumpers. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and
Recreation, 16(2): 65-75.
Carlson, B.R., J.E.L. Carter,
P. Patterson, K. Petti, S.M. Orfanos and G.J. Noffal. (1994). Physique and
motor performance characteristics of
Carter,
J.E.L.,
Travill,
A.L., J.E.L. Carter and K.P. Dolan. (1994). Anthropometric characteristics of
elite male triathletes. In: F.I. Bell and G.H. Van Gyn (Eds.), Access to Active
Living, Proceedings for the 10th Commonwealth & International Scientific
Congress, 10-14 August, 1994, Victoria, B.C., Canada. pp. 340-343.
Hebbelinck,
M., Duquet, W., Borms, J., and Carter, J.E.L. (1995). Stability of somatotypes:
a longitudinal study of Belgian children age 6 to 17 years. American Journal of
Human Biology. 7:575-588.
Carter,
J.E.L. (1995). Constitucion fisica de los atletas en el Campionato Mundial de
Actividades Aquaticas (Physiques of athletes at the World Aquatic
Championships). In: C. Garcia Lopez (Ed.), Actas del Congreso
Cientifico Olimpico, 1992, Biomecanica y Cineanthropometria, Vol. V, pp.
180-184. Malaga: Instituto Andaluz del Deporte.
De Ridder, J.H., Van der Walt, T.S.P. and Carter,
J.E.L. (1995). Los somatotipos de escolares Sudafricaonos jugadores de rugby de
elite (Somatotypes of elite South African schoolboy rugby players). In: C.
Garcia Lopez (Ed.), Actas del Congreso Cientifico Olimpico, 1992, Biomecanica y
Cineanthropometria, Vol. V, pp. 292-301. Malaga: Instituto Andaluz del Deporte.
Travill, A.L. and Carter, J.E.L. (1995). Somatotypes of male Olympic
high, long and triple jumpers. South African J. Sport, P.E. and Rec. 18(1):
67-75.
Carter,
J.E.L. (1996). Kinanthropometry, exercise and sport - a review. African J. for
Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance. 2(2): 89-101.
Carter,
J.E.L. (1996) Somatotype analysis - review and comments. In: L.S. Sidhu and
S.P. Singh (Eds.), Human Biology - Global Developments.
Carter,
J.E.L., Mirwald, R.L., Heath-Roll, B.H. and Bailey, D.A. (1997). Somatotypes of
7- to 16-year-old boys in
Carter,
J.E.L. and Ackland, T.A. (1998). Sexual dimorphism in physiques of World
Championship divers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(4), 317-329.
Carter,
J.E.L., Duquet, W., and Rempel, R. (1998). Letter to the Editor. American Journal of Human Biology,
10:2-4.
Carter,
J.E.L., and Duquet, W. (1999). Letter to the Editor. American Journal of Human Biology, 11:433-436.
Tomkinson,
G.R., Olds, T.R., and Carter, J.E.L. (1999) The body size and shape of male
shop mannequins. In: Proceedings of The Body Culture Symposium, (pp.
118-128). Melbourne, AUS: Body Image and Health, Inc.
De
Ridder, J.H., Monyeki, K.D., Amusa, L.O., Toriola, A.L., Wekesa, M., Carter,
J.E.L. (2000). Kinanthropometry in African sports: Somatotypes of female
African athletes. African Journal for
Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, Vol 6(1):1-15.
De
Ridder, H., Monyeki, D., Amusa, L., Toriola, A., Wekesa, M., and Carter, L.
(2000). Kinanthropometry in African sports: Body composition and somatotypes of
world class male African middle distance, long distance and marathon runners.
In: K. Norton, T. Olds and J. Dollman (Eds.), Kinanthropometry VI:
Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the International Society for the
Advancement of Kinanthropometry, (pp. 37-51).
Kieffer,
S., Carter, L., Held-Sturman, M., Patterson, P., and Carlson, R. (2000).
Physique characteristics of
Tomkinson,
G., Olds, T., and Carter, L. (2000). The anthropometry of desire: the body size
and shape of female shop mannequins. In: K. Norton, T. Olds and J. Dollman
(Eds.), Kinanthropometry VI: Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the
International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry,
(pp.233-252).
Toriola,
A.L., Amusa, L.O., Monyeki, K.D., Wekesa, M., De Ridder, J.H., Carter, J.E.L. (2000).
Body composition of elite African racket games players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance,
Vol 6(1):48-53.
Rienzi,
E., Drust, B., Reilly, T., Carter, J.E.L., and Martin, A. (2000). Investigation
of anthropometric and work-rate profiles of élite South American international
soccer players. J. Sports Medicine and
Physical Fitness, 40: 162-169.
De
Ridder, J.H., Amusa, L.O., Monyeki, K.D., Toriola, A.L., Carter, J.E.L. (2001).
Kinanthropometry in African Sports: Body Composition and somatotypes of world
class female African middle-, long-distance and marathon runners. African Journal for Physical, Health
Education, Recreation and Dance, Vol 7(1):1-13.
Carter,
J.E.L. (2003) Anthropometry of Team Sports. In: T. Reilly and M. Marfell-Jones
(Eds.), Kinanthropometry VIII, Proceedings of the Eighth International
Conference of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry
(ISAK), 11: pp. 117-130.
Carter,
J.E.L., Ackland, T.R., Kerr, D.A. and Stapff, A.B. (2005) Somatotype and size
of elite female basketball players. Journal
of Sports Sciences. 23(10), 1057-1063.
Carter, J.E.L. and Ackland, T.R. (2006). Somatotype
in sport. In: T.R. Ackland, B.C. Elliot and J. Bloomfield (Eds.), Applied
Anatomy and Biomechanics in Sport, 2nd Edition, Chapt. 4.