ROME

Caesar Augustus

I.        From Kingdom to Republic

A. The Etruscans and Rome

1.   Legend: Romulus and Remus

2.   Indo-Europeans and the Po River valley

3.   The Etruscans (8^th-5^th centuries BC)

4.   Kingdom of Rome (7^th-6^th centuries BC)

B.  The Roman Republic and Its Constitution

1.   Establishment of the Aristocratic Republic (509 BC)

    a.   Roman Forum

    b.   Republican Constitution

    c.    Consuls

    d.  Senate

2.   Patricians vs. Plebians – Threat of Secession

    a.   Tribunes and Veto Power

    b.   Dictator

C.  The Expansion of the Republic

1.   Domination of Italian Peninsula

2.   Expansion into the Mediterranean

a.   Punic Wars (264-146 BC) – Carthage

Hannibal                                                                Hannibal's troops and elephants crossing the Strait of Gibraltar

b.   Wars against Hellenistic Empires (215-148 BC)

II.      From Republic to Empire

A. Imperial Expansion and Domestic Problems

a.   Latifundia – Large vs. Small Farmer

b.   The Gracchi Brothers and the Redistribution of Land

c.    Civil War (2^nd – 1^st century BC)

1.   Gaius Marius and Social Reform (87 BC)

2.   Lucius Cornelius Sulla and the Reign of Terror (83 BC)

B.  The Foundation of Empire

a.   Julius Caesar   

        Julius Caesar

1.   Conquest of Rome

a.   Roman Public Spectacles(60s BC)

b.   Victories in Gaul (50s BC)

c.    Return to Rome (49 BC)

2.   Dictator for Life (46 BC)

3.   Reforms

b.   Octavian (Augustus) (31 BC – 14 AD)

1.   Marc Anthony and Cleopatra

2.   Augustus’ Administration

C.  Continuing Expansion and Integration of Empire    

a.   The Pax Romana  and the Mare Nostrum

b.   Roman Roads

c.    Roman Law

   
Everyday Life in the Roman Empire

I.       The Roman Home

A. The Paterfamilias and Women 

B.  Desire and Passion: Sex in Rome

C.  Children

1.   Birth and Contraception

2.   Adolescence

3.   Patricide

II.      Slaves and Masters

A. Slavery and the Roman Economy

B.  Master or Father?

1.   Morality and Slaves

2.   Freedmen

C.  Fear of Slaves

III.     Public Celebrations

A. Patricians: Banquets

B.  Plebeians: Confraternities

C.  Bacchus: God of Pleasure and Sociability

D. ‘Sacrifice’: Festivals and Religion

E.  Baths and Bars

F.  Spectacles: Blood in the Afternoon