CONGRESS: I. The Roots of the Legislative Branch: A. Article I of the Constitution-- 1. Bicameral legislature at the national and state level. 2. Formal requirements for officeholding: a. 25 years of age for House, 30 for the Senate b. must have resided in U.S. for the past 7 years for the House and 9 years for the Senate. c. must be legal residents of the state you are representing. 3. Informal Requirements: a. Wealthy, Republican or Democratic, white male, white collar workers predominate. II. The Powers of Congress: A. Legislate B. Powers of the Purse: 1. Lay and collect taxes. 2. Borrow money 3. Regulate commerce C. Power to Declare War 1. War Powers Act (1974) 2. Constitutional Issues re: War Powers D. The House of Representatives: 1. all revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives. 2. the House has the power of impeachment. C. The Senate: 1. Advice and consent: a. Approves presidential appointments by a simple majority. b. approves treaties by a two-thirds vote. 2. Tries impeachment offenses. III. Members of Congress A. What do they do? 1. David Mayhew-- a. Advertising b. Position-taking c. Credit-claiming 2. Michael Parenti/Domhoff/Mills-- a. serve the interests of the rich. b. become rich. c. become corrupt. B. The (almost) never-ending election: 1. Raising Money 2. Incumbency Advantage: a. Name Recognition b. Casework c. Franking privilege d. People and PACs give more money to incumbents 3. 95%--97% win re-election. 4. Those who don't win re-election: a. Scandal b. Marginal districts c. Reapportionments d. Midterm slump. III. The Committee System 1. Types of Committees a. Standing committees. b. Ad Hoc committees. c. Joint committees. d. Conference committees. 2. Fenno Congressmen in Committees (1973) a. Three Goals of Members of Congress 1. re-election 2. influence within the House 3. making good public policy b. Committees differ in the ways in which they support these goals. 5. pork barrel 6. logrolling