Who Was Who? In the Middle Horizon - Andean Prehistory

REFERENCES to cited images: A, B, C, D, E F, G, H, I J, K L, LL, M, N O, P, Q, R S, T, U, V W, X, Y, Z

A, B, C, D, E

Anders, Martha: 1986 Dual organization and calendars inferred from the planned site of Azangaro: Wari administrative strategies. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University.; Image: Fig.7.56a See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.7.53a See: Agent 111; Image: Fig.7.54c See: Agent 113; Image: Fig.7.53c See: Agent 114; Image: Fig.7.57a See: Agent 115; Image: Fig.7.53 (not lettered) See: Agent 116; Image: Fig.7.54a See: Agent 119; Image: Fig.7.55j See: Agent 120
André Emmerich Gallery: 1968 Art of ancient Peru; an exhibition organized in cooperation with Alan C. Lapiner, December 7, 1968 to January 9, 1969. New York.; Image: Fig.6 See: Agent 106
Anton, Ferdinand: 1962 Alt-Peru und seine Kunst. Leipzig, E. A. Seemann; Image: Fig.572 See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.107 See: Agent 104 See: Agent 105 See: Agent 107; Image: Fig.141 See: Agent 107; Image: Fig.109 See: Agent 110
Anton, Ferdinand and F. Dockstader: 1968 Pre-Columbian art and later Indian tribal arts. Harry N. Abrams, New York.; Image: Fig.205 See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.206 See: Agent 101; Image: Fig.211 See: Agent 103
Bankes, George: 1977 Peru before Pizarro. Phaidon, Oxford.; Image: p.171 See: Agent 101
Bastien, Joseph W.: 1987 Healers of the Andes: Kallawaya Herbalists and Their Medicinal Plants. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.; Image: See: Plant: General Research
Bauer, Brian S. and Bradford M. Jones: 2003 Early Intermediate and Middle Horizon Ceramic Styles of the Cuzco Valley. Fieldiana Anthropology, New Series No. 34, Publication 1521, March 31; Image: Figs. 10-11. See: Pukacancha; Image: Figs. 13-15. See: Tankarpata
Benavides Calle, Mario: 1983 Caracter del estado Wari. Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru.; Image: Lam.XXIc See: Agent 101
Bennett, Wendell Clark: 1944 Archaeology of Central Andes, In: Handbook of South American Indians, v.2: The Andean civilizations, edited by Julian H. Steward. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 143, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Fig. 13a See: Conchopata
Bennett, Wendell Clark: 1946 N.Highlands book (Wilkawain example); Image: Fig.10F See: Agent 100
Bennett, Wendell Clark: 1953 Excavations at Wari, Ayacucho, Peru. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No.49, New Haven.; Image: Fig.21K See: Agent 100; Image: Pl.8A,B See: Agent 101; Image: Fig.15D See: Agent 101; Image: Fig.21Q See: Agent 102; Image: Plate 8F, 8H See: Deity 101; Image: Plate 6E See: Conchopata
Bennett, Wendell Clark: 1954 Ancient Arts of the Andes. Museum of Modern Art, New York.; Image: Figure 82 See: Deity 106
Benson, Elizabeth P.: 1974 A Man and a Feline in Mochica Art. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.; Image: Figs. 12, 13-14, 19 See: Agent 117
Berenguer Rodríguez, José: 2000 Tiwanaku: Lords of the Sacred Lake Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino. Santiago.; Image: 66 (3 figures right), 69 (figure bottom left), 70 (2 figures bottom left), 91(figure bottom right); 92-93; See: Agent 139; Image: 64, upper left See: Deity 101
Bergh, Susan E.: 1999 Pattern and Paradigm in Middle Horizon Tapestry Tunics. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Columbia University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.; Image: Fig.141, top See: Deity 104
Bermann, Marc P.: 1990 Prehispanic Household and Empire at Lukurmata, Bolivia (2 vols.) Unpublished PhD dissertation. The University of Michigan, Department of Anthropology.; Image: Table 2 See: Lukurmata
Bermann, Marc P.: 1994 Lukurmata: Household Archaeology in Prehispanic Bolivia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.; Image: p. 266 See: Lukurmata
Bermann, Marc P.: 2003 The Archaeology of Households in Lukurmata. In: Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, Vol.2 - Urban and Rural Archaeology, edited by Alan L. Kolata. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.; Image: pp. 327-340. See: Lukurmata
Boston Museum of Fine Arts: 1961 25 centuries of Peruvian art, 700 B.C. - 1800 A.D. Peabody Museum, Harvard University.; Image: Fig.286 See: Agent 101; Image: Fig.286 See: Agent 104
Brinckerhoff, Deborah, curator: 1999 Weaving for the Gods: Textiles of the Ancient Andes. Bruce Museum of Arts and Science, Greenwich, Conn.; Image: p. 3 See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Bruhns, Karen Olsen: 1994 Ancient South America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.; Image: Fig.14.12 See: Agent 109
Burkholder, Jo Ellen: 2001 La cerámica de Tiwanaku:¿qué indica su variabilidad? En, Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. Evidencias, segunda parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke y William H. Isbell, pp.217 - 249. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no.5, 2001. Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima.; Image: pp. 327-340. See: Iwawi
Castillo, Luis Jaime: 2000 La presencia de Wari en San José de Moro. In Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. Evidencias, primera parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke and William H. Isbell, pp. 143-179. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no.4, 2001. Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima.; Image: Fig.14-15 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 117
Castillo, Luis Jaime: 2004 Huari pottery photos San Jose de Moro Archaeological Project, PUCP; Image: photos by Castillo See: Deity 101
Chávez, Sergio J.: 1992 The conventionalized rules in Pucara pottery technology and iconography: Implications for socio-political developments in the northern Lake Titicaca basin. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Michigan State University, Department of Anthropology.; Image: Fig. 197a See: Bird: Owl or Eagle?; Image: Fig.204 See: Plant: A. Colubrina; Image: Fig.210 See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Chumpitaz C., E.: Tipos de tumbas y fardos en los diferentes estratos, estudiados en una area de 130 m. de largo por 16 m. de ancho a partir de la falda Este del montículo "K." hacia el lado Sur. In: Manual de arqueología peruana, by Federico Kauffmann Doig. Ediciones Peisa, Lima. Pp.434-435.; See: WHERE
Clements, James E. And Noam Shany: 2001 A Field Guide to th Birds of Peru. Ibis Publishing Company, Temecula, CA.; Image: See: Bird: General Research
Conklin, William J: 1983 Pucara and Tiahuanaco tapestry: Style and time in a sierra weaving tradition. Ñawpa Pacha 21:1-44, Plate I; Image: Figure 24 See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Conklin, William J: 1991 Tiahuanaco and Huari: Architectural Comparisons and Interpretations. In: Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp.281-291. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.; Image: Figure 5 See: Icon: Flying Attendant 101 & 102
Cook, Anita: 1979 The Iconography of Empire: Symbolic Communication in VII Century Peru. Unpublished MA Thesis, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Binghamton.; Image: Lám. 9 See: Icon: Deity 104
Cook, Anita: 1985 Art and time in the evolution of Andean state expansion. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Binghamton.; Image: Fig.24a See: Agent 109 See: Deity 104
Cook, Anita: 1987 The Middle Horizon Ceramic Offerings from Conchopata Ñawpa Pacha 22-23:49-90.; Image: Figures 15-16 See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Cook, Anita: 1994 Wari y Tiwanku: entre el estilo y la imagen. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima.; Image: Lám. 9 See: Icon: Deity 102 See: Icon: Deity 104
Couture, Nicole C. & Kathryn Sampeck: 2003 Putuni: A History of Palace Architecture at Tiwanaku. In: Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, Vol.2 - Urban and Rural Archaeology, edited by Alan L. Kolata. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.; Image: pp. 226-263. See: Putuni
De La Peña, Martín R. and Maurice Rumboll: 1998 Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica. Collins Illustrated Checklist, Harper Collins Publishers, London.; Image: See: Bird: General Research
Denver Botanical Garden: Collections Database; See: http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/denver/query88.htm
Disselhoff, Hans Dietrich: 1967 Daily life in ancient Peru. Translated from the German by Alisa Jaffa. McGraw-Hill, New York.; Image: Tafel 35 See: Agent 104
Disselhoff, Hans Dietrich: 1974 Das Imperium der Inka und die indianischen Frühkulturen der Andenländer. Safari-Verlag, Berlin.; Image: Fig. 363 See: Agent 110
Duncan, James R.: 2003 Owls of the World: Their Lives, Behavior and Survival. Firefly Books, Buffalo.; Image: See: Bird: Owl or Eagle?
Ecocrop: See: http://pppis.fao.org/
Eisleb, Dieter and Renate Strelow: 1980 Altperuanische Kulteren: Tiahuanaco III Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin.; Image: Fig.328 See: Plant: A. Colubrina

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F, G, H, I
Field Museum: 2003 Montez Collection, Waka Site, W.M. Jaime farm, Ayacucho. Digital photo provided by Patrick Ryan Williams.; Image: 1893.6.2357a,b See: Agent 106
Field Museum: 2003 Montez Collection, Waka Site, W.M. Jaime farm, Ayacucho. Digital photo provided by Patrick Ryan Williams.; Image: 1893.6.2356a,b See: Agent 138
Fjeldså, Jon and Niels Krabbe: 1990 Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America. University of Copenhagen and Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark.; Image: See: Bird: Owl or Eagle?
Flagel, Léon and M. André Portier: 1929 Art Precolombien. Hotel Drouot, Paris.; Image: Planche I See: Agent 104 See: Agent 105 See: Agent 107
Franquemont, Edward M.: 1967 The Ancient Pottery from Pucara, Peru. Revised version of Senior Honors Thesis, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. Cambridge.; Image: See: Bird: Owl or Eagle?; 1990. The Ancient Pottery from Pucara, Peru. Ñawpa Pacha 24(1986): 1-30.; Image: See: Bird: Owl or Eagle?
Gayton, Anna H. & A. L. Kroeber: 1927 The Uhle Pottery Collections from Nazca University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24(1):1-46, plates 1-21; author's drawing See: Kissing Bug
Gilles, H.: 2000 Parasitic disease affecting the heart in childhood Images Paediatric Cardiology 5:28-39; Image: See: Kissing Bug
Glowacki, Mary: 2005 Dating Pikillacta, In: Pikillacta: the Wari Empire in Cuzco, eited by Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 115-124. Univeristy of Iowa Press, Iowa City.; Image: Table 7.1 See: Pikillacta
González Carré, Enrique: 1977 Conchopata: La destrucción de una zona arqueológica. In La Imagen Cultura. Ayacucho, Perú.; Image: p.V, top right See: Agent 102
Graham, Margaret Anne: 1993 Child Nutrition and Seasonal Hunger in an Andean Community (Department of Puno, Peru), Working Paper Number 6, Production, Storage, and Exchange in a Terraced Environment on the Eastern Andean Escarpment. Series editor, Bruce P. Winerhalder, UNC- Chapel Hill.; Image: See: http://www.unc.edu/depts/ecology/winterweb/pse/wp06/wp06_title.html
Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, Museum of Anthropology: 2002 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum, Berkeley. Courtesy of the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the Regents of the University of California - photographed by Pat Knobloch 4-6033.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 109; 2002 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum, Berkeley. Courtesy of the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the Regents of the University of California - photographed by Pat Knobloch 4-2564b.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 109; 2002 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum, Berkeley. Courtesy of the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the Regents of the University of California - photographed by Pat Knobloch 4-4556.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 100 See: Agent 101 See: Agent 102 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 106 See: Agent 108 See: Agent 112 See: Agent 128 See: Agent 129
Huapaya Manco, Cirilo: Nuevo tipo de tumba descubierto en las Necropolis de Ancón. Revista del Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología, 2(1) (1st):93-98. Lima.; See: WHERE
International Plant Names Index: IPNI; See: http://www.ipni.org/index.html
Isbell, William H.: 1977 The rural foundation for urbanism: Economic and stylistic interaction between rural and urban communities in eighth-century Peru. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.; Image: See: Agent
Isbell, William H.: 2000 Repensando el Horizonte Medio: El caso de Conchopata, Ayacucho, Perú. In Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. Evidencias, primera parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke and William H. Isbell, pp. 9-68. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no.4, 2001. Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima.; Image: Fig.26, left See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.13 See: Agent 102; Image: Fig.16, left (reversed photo) See: Agent 123; Image: Fig.16, middle (reversed photo) See: Agent 125; Image: Fig.16, right (reversed photo) See: Agent 124; Image: Fig.21D See: Agent 126; Image: Fig. 3, top See: Icon: Deity 103; Image: p.30, bottom right See: Icon: Kneeling Attendant 100; Image: Fig.28 See: Conchopata
Isbell, William H. and Jo Ellen Burkholder: 2002 Iwawi and Tiwanaku, In: Andean Archaeology 1: Variations in sociopolitical organization. Edited by Helaine Silverman and William H. Isbell, pp.199-241. Kluwer Academic, New York.; Image: Fig. 7.10 See: Iwawi
Isbell, William H. and Anita G. Cook: 1987 Ideological origins of an Andean conquest state. Archaeology 40(4):26-33; Image: p.30, bottom right; p.31 bottom; top row, center See: Agent 101; Image: p.32, upper left See: Agent 102; Image: p.31, upper left See: Plant: A. Colubrina; Image: p.33 See: Icon: Flying Attendant 101 & 102; Image: p.30, bottom right See: Icon: Deity 102; Image: p.30, bottom right See: Icon: Kneeling Attendant 100
Isbell, William H. and Anita G. Cook: 2002 A new perspective on Conchopata and the Andean Middle Horizon. In: Andean Archaeology II: Art, landscape, and society. Edited by Helaine Silverman and William H. Isbell, pp.249-307. Kluwer Academic, New York.; Image: Fig.9.13 See: Agent 100 See: Agent 118; Image: Fig.9.17 See: Agent 126; Image: Fig.9.18 See: Agent 102; Image: Fig.9.19 See: Agent 102; Image: Figs. 9.13-14 See: Conchopata
Isbell, William H. and Gordon F. McEwan: 1991 Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D. C.; Image: pp.111-112 See: Pikillacta

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J, K
Janusek, John: 1994 State and Local Power in a Prehispanic Andean Polity: Changing Patterns of Urban Residence in Tiwanaku and Lukurmata, Bolivia. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago.; Image: See: Misiton I; Image: See: Misiton II; Image: See: Akapana; Image: See: AkE1M; Image: See: AkE1
Janusek, John: 2003 Vessels, time and society: Toward a ceramic chronology in the Tiwanaku heartland, In: Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, Vol.2 - Urban and Rural Archaeology, edited by Alan L. Kolata. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.; Image: pp.30-89. See: Icon: Deity 101; Image: Table 3.3 See: Kirawi; Image: Table 3.3 See: Lukurmata; Image: Table 3.3 See: Misiton I; Image: Table 3.3 See: Misiton II; Image: Table 3.3 See: Akapana; Image: Table 3.3 See: AkE1M; Image: Table 3.3 See: AkE1; Image: Table 3.3 See: Putuni
Kaufman Doig, Federico: 1976 El Peru arqueológico: Tratado breve sobre el Perú preincaico. Ediciones G.S., Lima.; Image: p.234 See: Agent 100
Kaulicke, Peter, (editor): 1998 Max Uhle y el Peru antiguo. Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima.; Image: p.262 See: Agent 100 See: Agent 101 See: Agent 102 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 106 See: Agent 112 See: Agent 127 See: Agent 128 See: Agent 129; See: WHERE
Kaulicke, Peter y William H. Isbell (editors): 2001 Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. Evidencias, primera parte. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no.4. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Fondo Editorial.; Image: on cover, drawn by W.H. Isbell See: Agent 103 See: Agent 108 See: Agent 109 See: Agent 123 See: Agent 124 See: Agent 125
Keleman, Pál: 1946 Medieval American art: A survey in two volumes. Macmillan, New York.; Image: Pl.164a See: Agent 104 See: Agent 105 See: Agent 107
Ketteman, William Gregory: 2002 New Dates from the Huari Empire: Chronometric Dating of the Prehistoric Occupation of Conchopata, Ayacucho, Peru. MA Thesis, SUNY-Binghamton.; Image: See: Conchopata
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1974 Reconnaissance survey and mapping at Huari, Ayacucho, Peru by William H. Isbell, Katharina Schreiber and Patricia Knobloch (SUNY-Binghamton). Photo by W. H. Isbell.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 110
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1977 Huari urban prehistory project (HUPP), Ayacucho, Peru. Directed by W.H. Isbell, 1977-1980.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 102; Image: author's slide See: Agent 133
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1983 A study of the Andean Huari ceramics from the Early Intermediate Period to the Middle Horizon Epoch 1. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Binghamton.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 102 See: Agent 136 See: Icon: Deity 104
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1985 Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin. Funded by NEH travel grant.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 102 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 104
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1985b Staaliches Museum für Völkerkunde, München. Funded by NEH travel grant.; Image: author's slide See: Icon: Deity 104
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1988 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum, Berkeley. Courtesy of the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the Regents of the University of California - photographed by Pat Knobloch, 4-7700; Image: author's slide See: Agent 103; Image: author's slide See: Agent 106; Image: author's slide See: Agent 108

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Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1989 Artisans of the Realm. In Kodai Andes Bijutsu (Ancient Art of the Andean World), edited by S. Masuda and S. Shimada, pp. 27-45. Isanami Shoten, Publishers, Tokyo.; Image: Fig.15 See: Agent 100 See: Agent 101 See: Agent 102 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 106 See: Agent 112 See: Agent 127 See: Agent 128 See: Agent 129; Image: Fig.16 See: Agent 102
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1991 Stylistic Date of Ceramics from the Huari Centers. In: Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp.247-258. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.; Image: See: Icon: Deity 104
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1993 Who was who in the Huari empire http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~bharley/WWWIAS93Paper.html Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley.; Image: See: Agent 0
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1999 Colecciones del Laboratorio de Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga. 1999 Excavations at Conchopata. Directed by William H. Isbell (SUNY-Binghamton) and Anita G. Cook (CUA).; Image: author's slide See: Agent 100 See: Agent 118 See: Agent 123; Image: author's slide See: Agent 103 See: Agent 108 See: Agent 109 See: Agent 124 See: Agent 125
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1999b Huari: Putting the Cosmo in Cosmopolitan Paper presented at the 64rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Chicago.; Image: reference See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 1999/2000 Museo de Huari, Huari, Peru. Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Perú.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 101 See: Agent 102 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 117 See: Agent 134 See: Agent 135
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 2000a Cronología del contacto y de encuentros cercanos de Wari. In Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. Evidencias, primera parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke and William H. Isbell, pp. 69-87. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no.4, 2001. Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima.; Image: Fig.11b See: Agent 110
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 2000b Wari ritual power at Conchopata: An interpretation of Anadenanthera colubrina iconography. Latin American Antiquity 11(4):387-402.; Image: Fig.10a,b See: Agent 101; Image: Fig.2 See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 2000c Colecciones del Laboratorio de Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga. 1997/98 Excavations at Conchopata. Directed by José Ochatoma y Martha Cabrera.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 100 See: Agent 101 See: Agent 130
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 2000d Tiwanaku, Bolivia. Ponce Stelae.; Image: author's photos See: Plant: A. Colubrina Ponce Stelae.; Image: author's photos See: Icon: Deity 105 Gate of the Sun / Puerta del Sol; Image: author's photos See: Icon: Deity 100 Kantataita Architrave; Image: author's photos See: Icon: Flying Attendant 101 & 102
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 2000e Museo Regional de Ayacucho, INC Robles Moqo style Urn; Image: author's photos See: Icon: Deity 101
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 2003 Cultivators - Overseers: Analysis of a Huari Epoch 2 jar 1997/98 Excavations at Conchopata. Directed by José Ochatoma y Martha Cabrera.; Image: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~bharley/images/WWWAgentsPlants.jpg See: Plant: oca; Image: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~bharley/images/WWWAgentsPlants.jpg See: Plant: papa; Image: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~bharley/images/WWWAgentsPlants.jpg See: Plant: tuna; Image: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~bharley/images/WWWAgentsPlants.jpg See: Plant: yuca; Image: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~bharley/images/WWWAgentsPlants.jpg See: Plant: maize
Knobloch, Patricia J.: 2004 Monkey Saw, Monkey Did: A Stylization Model for Correlating Nasca and Wari Chronology. Andean Past v.7; Image: Contact author for .pdf copy. See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Kolata, Alan: 2003 Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland Vol. 2: Urban and Rural Archaeology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.; Image: Fig. 11.10 See: Agent 139
Kolata, Alan: 2003 Tiwanaku Ceremonial Architecture and Urban Organization. In: Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, Vol.2 - Urban and Rural Archaeology, edited by Alan L. Kolata. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.; Image: pp. 175 - 201. See: Akapana
König, Claus, Friedhelm Weick and Jan-Hendrik Becking: 1999 Owls: A Guide to the Owls of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven.; Image: See: Bird: Owl or Eagle?
Kroeber, Alfred L.: 1998 The archaeology and pottery of Nazca, Peru : Alfred L. Kroeber's 1926 expedition. Alfred L. Kroeber and Donald Collier ; edited by Patrick H. Carmichael ; with an afterword by Katharina J. Schreiber. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, CA.; Image: Fig.173 See: Agent 106

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L, M, N
LaFarge, Henry A., editor: 1981 Museums of the Andes. Newsweek, New York; Image: p.93 See: Agent 100
Lapiner, Alan: 1976 Pre-columbian art of South America. Harry N. Abrams:New York.; Image: Fig.572 See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.580, 581 See: Agent 104; Image: Fig.546 See: Agent 129; Image: Figures 519-521 See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Larco Hoyle, Rafael: 1966 Peru. World Publishing Company, Cleveland.; Image: Fig.116 See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.106 See: Agent 104 See: Agent 105 See: Agent 107
Lavalle, José Antonio de: 1984 Arte y tesoro del Peru. Banco de Credito del Peru en la Cultura.; Image: p. 145 See: Agent 105; Image: p. 159 See: Agent 106; Image: pp. 76-77 See: Plant: A. Colubrina; Image: p. 79, 120, 125 upper right, 139, 187 See: Icon: hump-backed animal See: Icon: P.1.2.200.1
Lavalle, José Antonio de: 1991 The Textile Art of Peru (Arte textil del Perú): colección / creada y dirigida por José Antonio de Lavalle y José Alejandro González García. Industria Textil Piura, Lima, Perú.; Image: cover See: Agent 100 See: Agent 108 See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Lothrop, S. K., W. F. Foshag, Joy Mahler: 1957 Robert Woods Bliss Collection: Pre-Columbian Art. Phaidon Publishers, Inc., New York.; Image: Fig. 143 See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Lumbreras, Luis G.: 1960 Esquema arqueológico de la Sierra Central del Perú. Revista del Museo Nacional 28:64-117.; Image: Lam.8E See: Agent 101
Lumbreras, Luis G.: 1969 Antiguo Perú. Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología. Lima, Perú.; Image: p.125 See: Agent 100
Lumbreras, Luis G.: 1974 The peoples and cultures of ancient Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press, City of Washington.; Image: p.166 See: Agent 105; Image: Figure 164 See: Agent 101
Lumbreras, Luis G.: 1990 Visión arqueológica del perú milernario. Milla Batres, Lima.; Image: p.223 See: Icon: Deity 100; Image: p.204 See: Agent 104 See: Agent 105 See: Agent 107; Image: p. 207, 213 See: Icon: Deity 101; Image: p.218 See: Agent 105; Image: cover See: Icon: Deity 106
Lumbreras, Luis G.: Imperio Wari; Image: p.218 See: Agent 104
Matos Mendieta, Ramiro: 1980 Las Culturas Regionales Tempranas. In: Peru Antiguo, v.1, Lima.; Image: See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Mazzoleni, studio d'arte: 1974 Testimonianze d'arte delle culture peruviane primitive. Milano, Italy.; Image: Fig.101 See: Agent 130
McCormac, F.G., A.G. Hogg, P.G. Blackwell, C.E. Buck, T.F.G. Higham, and P.J. Reimer: 2004 SHCa104 Southern Hemisphere Calibration 0 - 11.0 cal kyr BP Raciocarbon 46:1087-1092.; Image: See: WHEN
McEwan, Gordon F.: 1991 Investigations at the Pikillacta Site: A Provincial Huari Center in the Valley of Cuzco. In: Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government. edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D. C.; Image: Fig. 30 See: Pikillacta
McEwan, Gordon F.: 2005 Pikillacta: the Wari Empire in Cuzco, eited by Gordon F. McEwan. Univeristy of Iowa Press, Iowa City.; Image: Table 7.1 See: Pikillacta
Menzel, Dorothy: 1964 Style and time in the Middle Horizon. Ñawpa Pacha 2:1-106.; Image: Fig.46 See: Agent 103; Image: Fig.47 See: Agent 104; Image: Ftnot. 236 See: Conchopata
Menzel, Dorothy: 1977 The archaeology of ancient Peru and the work of Max Uhle. R. H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley.; Image: Fig.130 See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.107 See: Agent 109; Image: Fig.129 See: Agent 130; Image: Fig.130 (reversed photo) See: Agent 100 See: Agent 101 See: Agent 102 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 106 See: Agent 112 See: Agent 127 See: Agent 128 See: Agent 129; See: WHERE; Fig.119 See: Icon: Deity 101; Fig.120 See: Icon: Deity 101; Fig. 62 See: Icon: Deity 102; Image: Fig.67 See: Icon: Kneeling Attendant 100; Fig.123 See: Icon: Deity 107
Milwaukee Public Museum: 2003 Viñaque style Huari jar, 1000 A.D. Photo provided by Susan Otto, Photograph Collection Manager.; Image: author's slide See: Agent 101
Missouri Botanical Garden: VAST (VAScular Tropicos) Nomenclatural Database (MOBOT); (creates locational maps) See: http://www.mobot.org/
Morell, Virginia: 2002 Empires across the Andes. National Geographic; Image: 201(6):106-129. See: Agent 100
New York Botanical Garden: Plant Collections; See: http://www.nybg.org/gardens/newcollects.html

O, P, Q, R
Oakland Rodman, Amy: 2000 Andean Textiles from Village and Cemetery: Caserones in the Tarapacá Valley, North Chile. In: Beyond Cloth and Cordage: Archaeological Textile Research in the Americas. Edited by Penelope Ballard Drooker and Laurie D. Webster. University of Utah Press, pp.229-251.; Image: Fig. 12.16 - 12.17 See: Caserones
Oakland Rodman, Amy and Arabel Fernández: 2000 Los Tejidos Huari y Tiwanaku: Comparaciones y Contextos. In: Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. Evidencias, primera parte, Edited by Peter Kaulicke and William H. Isbell, pp. 119-130. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no.4, 2001. Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.; Image: Fig. 14 See: Caserones
Ochatoma Paravicino, José y Martha Cabrera Romero: 2002 Religious ideology and military organization in the iconography of a D-shaped ceremonial precinct at Conchopata. In: Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. Evidencias, primera parte, edited by Helaine Silverman and William H. Isbell, pp.225-247. Kluwer Academic, New York.; Image: Fig.8.5A-C See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.8.11B See: Agent 112; Image: Fig.8.9D See: Agent 132; Image: Figs. 8.5-11 See: Conchopata
Ochatoma Paravicino, José y Ismael Pérez Calderón: 1998 Conchopata: Revista de Arqueología 1. Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga; Image: back cover See: Agent 137
O'Neale, Lila and Alfred Kroeber: 1930 Textile periods in ancient Peru. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 28(2):23-56.; Image: Pl.14b,c (4-9061) See: Agent 101; Image: Pl.14a (4-9061a) See: Agent 107
Plants Database: (extensive image archive; nonsubscribers allowed 10 searches per day) See: http://plantsdatabase.com/
Ponce Sanginés, Carlos: 1964 Descripción sumaria del templete semisubterráneo de Tiwanaku. Centro de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Tiwanaku. Publicación no. 2. Tiwanaku.; Image: Figure 15 See: Plant: A. Colubrina; 1981 Tiwanaku: Espacio, tiempo, cultura: Ensayo de síntesis arqueológica. Los Amigos de Libro, La Paz, Bolivia; Image: See: Late Formative 2 - Early Tiwanaku IV
Posnansky, A.: 1943 Los conocimientos astronómicos de los constructores de Tihuanacu y su aplicación en el templo del Sol para la determinación exacta de las fechas agricolas. In: Anales de Arqueología de Bolivia, Vol. #1; Image: plate See: Plant: A. Colubrina See: Camelid Attendant 103, 104 & 105
Posnansky, A.: 1945 Tihuanacu: La cuna del hombre americano. Tihuanacu: The cradle of American man. vol. 1/2. J. J. Augustin Publisher, New York.; Image: Insert See: Plant: A. Colubrina See: Icon: P.1.2.200.1
Posnansky, A.: 1957 Tihuanacu: La cuna del hombre americano. Tihuanacu: The cradle of American man. vol. 3/4. J. J. Augustin Publisher, New York.; Image: Plate LVIIIa See: Deity 107
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú: 2004 San Jose de Moro Archaoelogical Project website Lima; Image: photo 3 See: Icon: Deity 101
Reid, James W.: 1986 Textile Masterpieces of Ancient Peru: with 77 illustrations in full color Dover Publications, Inc., New York.; Image: Plate 33 See: Plant: A. Colubrina; Image: Plate 33 See: Agent 100; Image: Plate 33 See: Agent 108
Reiss, Johann Wilhelm and Stübel, Moritz Alphons: The Necropolis of Ancon in Peru; a contribution to our knowledge of the culture and industries of the empire of the Incas, being the results of excavations made on the spot. Translated by Professor A. H. Keane. A. Asher & Co., Berlin.; See: WHERE
Rieger, Mark: Mark Rieger's Fruit Crop Home page; See: http://www.uga.edu/fruit/pinapple.htm
Rowe, John H.: 1971 The Influence of Chavín Art on Later Styles. In: Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavín, edited by Elizabeth P. Benson. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C., pp.101-124.; Image: Figure 23 See: Icon: Flying Attendant 101 & 102
Rowe, John H.: 1974 Kunst in Peru und Bolivien. In Das Alte Amerika edited by G. R. Willey. Propyläen Kunstgeschichte 18. Propyläen Verlag, Berlin.; Image: Plate XL See: Plant: A. Colubrina; Image: Figure 400 See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Rowe, John H. & Catherine T. Brandel: 1969-1970 Pucara style pottery designs Ñawpa Pacha; Image: '7-8:Fig.4, 66 See: Plant: A. Colubrina; Image: 7-8:Fig.5 See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Royal Botanical Garden (Multi-site Search Engine - START HERE): Edinburgh's BG-BASE (Multi-site Search Engine); See: http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/forms/multisite2.html
Rydén, Stig: 1947 Archaeological Researches in the Highlands of Bolivia. Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, Göteborg.; Image: Figure 147 See: Plant: A. Colubrina

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S, T, U, V
Salazar Bondy, Sebastián: 1964 La cerámica Peruana prehispánica. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.; Image: p.32 (back of vessel only) See: Agent 104 See: Agent 105 See: Agent 107
San Ramon Luna, W.: 1983 Datos ethnohistoricos de Pomacanchi Arqueologia Andina 1:66-74.; Image: Page 73, bottom See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Seddon, Mathew Thomas: 1998 Ritual, Power, and the Development of a Complex Society: The Island of the Sun and the Tiwanaku State. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago.; Image: Table A.1 See: Chucaripupata; 2004 Excavations at the Site of Chucaripupata: A Tiwanaku IV and V Temple and Domestic Occupation, In: Archaeological research on the Islands of the Sun and Moon, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia: final results of the Proyecto Tiksi Kjarka, edited by Charles S. Stanish and Brian S. Bauer. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Monograph 52:93-137. University of California, Los Angeles.; Image: Table 5.1 See: Chucaripupata
Schaedel, Richard P.: 1957 Highlights of Andean archaeology, 1954 - 1956. Archaeology 10(2):93-99.; Image: Fig.E See: Agent 100
Schmidt, Max: 1929 Kunst und Kultur von Peru. Propyläen - Verlag, Berlin.; Image: Abb.271 See: Agent 104
Sperling, C.R. & S.R. King: 1990 Andean tuber crops: Worldwide potential. P.428-435. In J. Janick and J.E. Simon (editors), Advances in new crops. Timber Press, Portland.; See: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-428.html
Spielvogel, Rosalind B.: 1955 Wari: A Study of Tiahuanaco Style. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History of Art, Yale University.; Image: Plate XCIV, photo 1 See: Agent 100; Image: Plate XCIV, photo 2 See: Agent 100; Image: Plate XCIII, photo 1 See: Agent 100; Image: Plate XLIII, photo 1 and 2 See: Agent 101; Image: Plate XLIII, photo 3 See: Agent 101; Image: Plate C, photo 4 See: Agent 101; Image: Plate CI, photo 1 See: Agent 102; Image: Plate XCIII, photo 3 See: Agent 105; Image: Plate XCVIII, photo 2 See: Agent 105; Image: Plate XCVIII, photo 3 See: Agent 105; Image: Plate C, photo 2 See: Agent 130
Stierlin, Henri: 1984 Art of the Incas and its origins. Rizzoli:New York; Image: p.135 See: Agent 100
Strong, Duncan: The Uhle pottery collections from Ancon. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 21(4):i-ii, 135-190.; See: WHERE
Stuiver, M. and P.J. Reimer: 1993 Radiocarbon 35:215-230; See: WHEN
Tello, Julio C.: 1922 Introducción a la Historia Antigua del Perú. San Marti y Cia, Impresores, Lima.; Image: Lamina XV See: Icon: hump-backed animal
Tello, Julio C.: 1942 Origen y desarrollo de las civilizaciones prehistóricas andinas. Reimpreso de las Actas del XXVII Congreso de Americanistas de 1939, Lima.; Image: Lamina XXIII right See: Agent 100; Image: Lam.XVI, lower right See: Agent 105; Image: Lam.XXI See: Plant: A. Colubrina; See: Conchopata
Tello, Julio C.: 1967 Paginas Escogidas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima; Image: Lamina 21, top left See: Icon: Deity 101
Texas A&M University: Bioinformatics Working Group; See: http://botany.cs.tamu.edu/FLORA/gallery.htm
Textile Museum: 1965 Ancient Peruvian textiles from the collection of the Textile Museum. Museum of Primitive Art, New York.; Image: Fig.24 See: Agent 104 See: Agent 123
Torres, Constantino M.: 1987 The iconography of South American snuff trays and related paraphernial. Etnologiska Studier 37 Göteborgs Etnografiska Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Image: See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Torres, Constantino M.: 1995 Archaeological evidence for the antiquity of psychoactive plant use in the Central Andes. Annali dei Musei civici-Rovereto 11:291-326.; Image: Figure 11 See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Torres, Constantino M.: 2001 Iconografía Tiwanaku en la Parafernalia Inhalatoria de los Andes Centro-sur. Boletin de Arqueología PUCP 5:427-454; Image: Figure 10a, c See: Plant: A. Colubrina See: Camelid Attendant 103, 104 & 105
Torres, Constantino M. and David B. Repke: 2006 Anandenanthera: visionary plant of ancient South America. Haworth Press, Binghamton, New York.; Image: See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Ubbelohde-Doering, Heinrich: 1927 Tonplastik aus Nazca. Jahrgang II:167-176. IPEK, Leipzig.; Image: Abb.10,11 See: Agent 105; Image: Abb.20 See: Agent 127; Image: Abb.1 See: Agent 130; Image: Abb.7,8 See: Agent 130
Ubbelohde-Doering, Heinrich: 1952 Art of ancient Peru. Praeger, New York.; Image: Fig.109 See: Agent 100
Ubbelohde-Doering, Heinrich: 1967 On the royal highways of the Inca: Archaeological treasures of ancient Peru. Praeger, New York.; Image: p.201 See: Agent 100
Uhle, Max: 1913a Die Muschelhügel von Ancon, Peru. International Congress of Americanists, 18(1):22-45. London.; See: WHERE
Uhle, Max: 1913b Die Ruinen von Moche. Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris, n.s., 10(1):95-117. Pls. IV-VI, Figures 1-20.; See: WHERE
Uhle, Max: 1913c Zur Chronologie deralten Culturen von Ica. Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris, n.s., 10(2):341-367; Image: Fig.4 See: Agent 100 See: Agent 101 See: Agent 102 See: Agent 103 See: Agent 106 See: Agent 112 See: Agent 127 See: Agent 128 See: Agent 129
Uhle, Max: 1935 Die Alten Kulturen Perús. Hinblick auf die Archäologie und Geschichte des amerikansichen Kontinents. Wilhelm Susserott Velog., Berlin.; Image: Fig.19 See: Agent 129
USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service: PLANTS Database; See: http://plants.usda.gov
University of Connecticut: Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Conservatory's Family Index; See: http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/
Valcárcel, Luis E.: 1933 Esculturas de Pikillajta Revista del Museo Nacional II (1):21-50; Figures = Lam.I A, B, C, D, E, F; Lam.II M; Lam. III Q; Lam. IV b; Lam. V d, e, f, g, i See: Agent 139
Valladolid, Julio, Hugo Salvatierra & Efigenio Núñez: 1984 Agricultura alto Andina: Rendimiento de papa en una comunidad campesina de Ayacucho. Boletin de Lima 34(año 6): Julio; p.66 See: Icon: Deity 101

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W, X, Y, Z
Wagner, Lida Jan: 1981 Information exchange as seen in Middle Horizon 2 ceramics from the site of Huari, Peru. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.; Image: Fig.A10B See: Agent 100
Watanabe, Shinya: 2001 Wari y Cajamarca Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no.5. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Fondo Editorial.; Image: Fig.4 See: Agent 100; Image: Fig.8 See: Agent 107; Image: Fig.9 See: Agent 129
Weberbauer: 1945 Mundo vegetal de los Andes peruanos, estudio fitogeográfico Nueva ed., rev. y ampliada, de Die Pflanzenwelt der peruanischen Anden. Lima, Estación Experimental Agrícola de la Molina, Dirección de Agricultura, Ministerio de Agricultura.
Weick, Friedhelm: 1980 Birds of Prey of the World: A coloured guide to identification of all the diurnal species order Falconiformes. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin.; Image: See: Bird: Owl or Eagle?
Whitley, James: 2002 Too many ancestors. Anitquity 76(2002):119-126.; See: Agent 139
Wilbert, Johannes: 1995 El significado cultural del uso de tabaco en Sudamérica. Act Americana 3(2). Journal of the Swedish Americanists Society.; See: http://www.antro.uu.se/acta/sample_significado.html
Willey, Gordon R.: A supplement to the pottery sequence at Ancon. Columbia Sutdies in Archeology and Ethnology 1(4):i-iv, 201-211.; See: WHERE
Willey, Gordon R.: 1949 Ceramics. In Handbook of South American Indians: v. 5. The comparative ethnology of South American Indians. Julian H. Steward, editor, pp.139-204. U.S. G.P.O, Washington, D.C.; Image: Pl.32b See: Agent 104
Yacovleff, E., and F. L. Herrera: 1934 El mundo vegetal de los antiguos peruanos (conclusion). Revista del Museo Nacional 3(3):243-322.; Image: Figure 9c See: Plant: lúcuma; Image: Figure 9j-m See: Plant: yuca; Image: Figure 13o-p See: Plant: aji; Image: Figure 14c-f, h-j See: Plant: jiquima; Image: Figure 16a, b, j. l. p See: Plant: frijole; Image: Figure 27c? See: Plant: quinoa; Image: Figure 28a See: Plant: papa; Image: Figure 28b See: Plant: olluco; Image: Figure 28c See: Plant: mashua; Image: Figure 28d See: Plant: oca; Image: Figure 30f See: Plant: achira; Image: Figure 39e See: Plant: tuna
Yacovleff, E., and F. L. Herrera: 1935 El mundo vegetal de los antiguos peruanos (conclusion). Revista del Museo Nacional 4:31-102.; Image: Figure 51 See: Plant: A. Colubrina
Zuidema, R. Tom: 1972 Meaning in Nazca art. Göteborgs Etnografiska Museum Arstryck, pp. 35-54. Göteborg, Sweden.; Image: Fig.2,3 See: Agent 104 See: Agent 105 See: Agent 107
Zuidema, R. Tom: 1977 The Inca Calendar. In: Native American Astronomy, editted by Anthony F. Aveni. University of Texas Press, Austin. Pp. 219-259.; Image: Fig.15.1 See: Icon: Deity 104