San Diego State University

College of Business Administration

Seminar in Environmental Management

Readings Packet Table of Contents

MGT 740 Readings Packet #1 Sagoff, Mark. Zuckerman's Dilemma: A Plea for Environmental Ethics. Hastings Center Report, September/October 1991, p. 32. MGT 740 Readings Packet #2 Katz, Eric. The Call of the Wild: The Struggle against Domination and the Technological Fix of Nature. Environmental Ethics, v14, p265. MGT 740 Readings Packet #3 Kay, Jeanne. Concepts of Nature in the Hebrew Bible. Environmental Ethics, v10, n4, p309 The lack of resolution in the debate about the Bible's environmental despotism or stewardship may be resolved by more literal and literary approaches. When the Bible is examined in its own terms, rather than in those of current environmentalism, the Bible's own perspectives on nature and human ecology emerge. The Hebrew Bible's principal environmental theme is of nature's assistance in divine retribution. The Bible's frequent deployment of contradiction as a literary device, however, tempers this perspective to present a moral, yet multi-sided view of nature. MGT 740 Readings Packet #4 Nerburn, Kent, Ph.D & Mengelkoch, Louise, M.A. The Ways of the Land, Native American Wisdom. New World Library, 1991. p1. MGT 740 Readings Packet #5 Barker, Sir Ernest. Social Contract: Essays by Locke, Hume, and Rousseau. Oxford University Press (1953) [pp 22-43] MGT 740 Readings Packet #6 Nerburn, Kent, Ph.D & Mengelkoch, Louise, M.A. The Betrayal of the Land, Native American Wisdom. New World Library, 1991. p47. MGT 740 Readings Packet #7 Weston, Anthony. Between Means and Ends. The Monist, v75, n2, p236. MGT 740 Readings Packet #8 Spash, Clive L. Economics, Ethics, and Long-Term Environmental Damage. Environmental Ethics, v15, n2, p117. Neither environmental economics nor environmental philosophy have adequately examined the moral implications of imposing environmental degradation and ecosystem instability upon our descendants. A neglected aspect of these problems is the supposed extent of the burden that the current generation is placing on future generations. The standard economic position on discounting implies an ethical judgment concerning future generations. If intergenerational obligations exist, then two types of intergenerational transfer must be considered: basic distributional transfers and compensatory transfers. Basic transfers have been the central intergenerational concern of both environmental economics and philosophy, but compensatory transfers emphasize obligations of a kind often disregarded. MGT 740 Readings Packet #9 Birch, Thomas H. The Incarceration of Wildness: Wilderness Areas as Prisons. Environmental Ethics, Spring 1990, v12, n1, p3(24) Even with the very best intentions, Western culture's approach to wilderness and wildness, the otherness of nature, tends to be one of imperialistic domination and appropriation. Nevertheless, in spite of Western culture's attempt to gain total control over nature by imprisoning wildness in wilderness areas, which are meant to be merely controlled "simulations" of wildness, a real wildness, a real otherness, can still be found in wilderness reserves. This wildness can serve as the literal ground for the subversion of the imperium, and consequently as the basis for the practical establishment of and residence in what Wendell Berry has called the "landscape of harmony." Here all land becomes wild sacred space that humans consciously come to reinhabit. In this subversive potential lies the most fundamental justification for the legal establishment of wilderness reserves. MGT 740 Readings Packet #10 The Responsive Communitarian Platform: Rights and Responsibilities. The Responsive Community. Vol. 2, Issue 1, Winter 1991/92. MGT 740 Readings Packet #11 Warren, Karen J. The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism. Environmental Ethics Summer 1990, v12, n2, p125(22). Ecological feminism is the position that there are important connections--historical, symbolic, theoretical--between the domination of women and the domination of nonhuman nature. I argue that because the conceptual connections between the dual dominations of women and nature are located in an oppressive patriarchal conceptual framework characterized by a logic of domination, (1) the logic of traditional feminism requires the expansion of feminism to include ecological feminism and (2) ecological feminism provides a framework for developing a distinctively feminist environmental ethic. I conclude that any feminist theory and any environmental ethic which fails to take seriously the interconnected dominations of women and nature is simply inadequate. MGT 740 Readings Packet #12 Wenz, Peter S. Minimal, Moderate, and Extreme Moral Pluralism. Environmental Ethics, v15, n1, p61. Concentrating on the views of Christopher Stone, who advocates moral pluralism, and J. Baird Callicott, who criticizes Stone's views, I argue that the debate has been confused by a conflation of three different positions, here called minimal, moderate, and extreme moral pluralism. Minimal pluralism is uncontroversial because all known moral theories are minimally pluralistic. Extreme pluralism is defective in the ways that Callicott alleges and, moreover, is inconsistent with integrity in the moral life. However, moderate pluralism of the sort that I advance in Environmental Justice is distinct from extreme pluralism and free of its defects. It is also consistent with Callicott's version of Aldo Leopold's land ethic, which is itself moderately pluralistic. MGT 740 Readings Packet #13 Harrison, Paul. Sex and the Single Planet. and Ross, Loretta. Why Women of Color Can't Talk About Population. The Amicus Journal. Winter 1994. MGT 740 Readings Packet #14 Martel, Ned & Holman, Blan . Inside the Environmental Groups, 1994. Outside. March 1994, pp 65 MGT 740 Readings Packet #15 Martin, Michael. Ecosabotage and Civil Disobedience. Environmental Ethics, v12, n4, p291. I define ecosabotage and relate this definition to several well-known analyses of civil disobedience. I show that ecosabotage cannot be reduced to a form of civil disobedience unless the definition of civil disobedience is expanded. I suggest that ecosabotage and civil disobedience are special cases of the more general concept of conscientious wrongdoing. Although ecosabotage cannot be considered a form of civil disobedience on the basis of the standard analysis of this concept, the civil disobedience literature can provide important insights into the justification of ecosabotage. First, traditional appeals to a higher law in justifying ecosabotage are no more successful than they are in justifying civil disobedience. Second, utilitarian justifications of ecosabotage could not be justified on utilitarian grounds, although such ecosaboteurs as Dave Foreman have not provided a full justification of its use in concrete cases. MGT 740 Readings Packet #16 Socially Responsible Investing: Review & Outlook. The GreenMoney Journal. Spring 1994. Vol. 2, No. 3. pp. 1. MGT 740 Readings Packet #17 Rice, Faye. Who Scores Best on the Environment. Fortune. July, 26, 1993. pp. 114. MGT 740 Readings Packet #18 Erdoes, Richard & Ortiz, Alfonso. Earth Making & The Earth Dragon. American Indian Myths and Legends, Pantheon Books, 1984, p105. MGT 740 Readings Packet #19 Frost, Robert & Wordsworth, William. Assorted Poems. "Looking for a Sunset Bird in Winter", A Boundless Moment", "Evening in the Sugar Orchard", and "Rural Illusions". MGT 740 Readings Packet #20 Levine, Michael. The Environmental Address Book. EcoFacts. Perigee Book, 1991. pp. 227. MGT 740 Readings Packet #21 Cook, John R. Jr. A Perspective on Environmental Careers. EnviroLink. Winter 1994. pg. 1. MGT 740 Readings Packet #22 Basta, Nicholas. The Environmental Career Guide. "Introduction to the Green-Collar World". 1991. Chap. 1, pp. 1.

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