1) Describe Marx's analysis of alienated labor, including the 4 main aspects of alienated labor, how these aspects are logically related to one another, what effect higher wages or being a state employee has on alienation. Explain and evaluate Marx's claim that communism as the positive overcoming of private property would eliminate alienation, but that crude and thoughtless communism would not.

2) Describe the stages that post-capitalist society would go through, according to the Critique of the Gotha Program. Include standard according to which goods would we distributed, the role of labor, need, and equal rights. Why is the "people's free state" slogan rejected? What is the role of the state in the various stages of post-capitalist society?

3) Describe the forces which mold the working class into the grave diggers of capitalism, according to the Communist Manifesto. What is Marx's (and Engels') case that the overthrow of capitalism by the working class is inevitable? Is this a fatalistic point of view? Explain.

4) Describe how the structure and internal conflicts of capitalist society (both between classes and within classes) lead to the following tendencies according to the Communist Manifesto: (1) Revolutionizing the instruments of production, (2) expansion abroad, (2) crises of overproduction. Explain what the "anarchy of capitalist production" is and the role it plays in making periodic crises inevitable.

5) Describe Marx's view of the role of relations of production, forces of production, politics, and ideology in historical development and change. What is "productive forces determinism"? Does Marx's disagree with Lenin on the role of politics in bringing about proletarian revolution?

6) Describe the role that is played by (a) spontaneity, (b) revolutionary theory, (c) professional revolutionaries in creating working-class consciousness according to Lenin. How does he view economism and terrorism as similar? Why is it necessary that Social-Democratic propaganda include a variety of issues that concern all classes of society and various countries? What consequences does Lenin's emphasis on theory have for the role of intellectuals in the Social-Democratic Party, according to Lenin?

7) Describe Lukacs attitude toward Marx specific theses about capitalism. What is a subject/object, and why did Lukacs think it important for understanding the revolutionary role of the working-class in capitalist society? What is imputed class consciousness and what role does it play in determining the actions of the working class? Explain what 'reification is and how it limits working class consciousness. Explain how the self-consciousness of the proletariat "overthrows the objective forms of its object" and why this idea is controversial as an interpretation of Marx. How did Lukacs "out Hegel Hegel?"

8) Sketch the most important revisions that Bernstein makes in the ideas of Marx and Engels. Include (at least) his views on crises, revolution, and the dictatorship of the proletariat. Blanquism, creative role of force in history, economic outlook for the future of capitalism, revolution vs. electoral politics. Why does Bernstein attack the Hegelian dialectic in Marx? What role does his praise of Kant play in his revision of Marx's views?