章 [zhang1] /section/chapter/

中国 [zhong1 guo2] /China/Chinese/

的 [de5] /(possessive particle)/of/

经济 [jing1 ji4] /economy/

中华 [zhong1 hua2] /China (alternate formal name)/

是 [shi4] /is/are/am/yes/to be/

一个 [yi1 ge5] /a/an/

中央 [zhong1 yang1] /central/middle/center/

国家 [guo2 jia1] /country/nation/

自从 [zi4 cong2] /since (a time)/ver since/

年 [nian2] /year/

政府 [zheng4 fu3] /government/

逐步 [zhu2 bu4] /progressively/step by step/

商业 [shang1 ye4] /commerce/trade/

和 [he2] /and/together with/with/peace/harmony/union/

业 [ye4] /business/study/

进行 [jin4 xing2] /to carry on/to carry out/to conduct/

了 [le5] /(modal partical intenstifying preceding clause)/(past tense marker)/

社会主义 [she4 hui4 zhu3 yi4] /socialism/

改造 [gai3 zao4] /to change/to alter/to transform/

到了 [dao4 le5] /in (a past time)/there were/

五十 [wu3 shi2] /fifty/

年代 [nian2 dai4] /a decade of a century/

末 [mo4] /end/final stage/latter part/

私营 [si1 ying2] /privately-owned/private/

存在 [cun2 zai4] /to exist/to be/

农业 [nong2 ye4] /agriculture/farming/

也 [ye3] /also/too/

道路 [dao4 lu4] /road/path/(eg, pave the) way/

各 [ge4] /each/every/

部门 [bu4 men2] /department/branch/section/division/

都 [du1] /capital (city)/

在 [zai4] /(located) at/in/

直接 [zhi2 jie1] /direct (opposite of indirect)/immediate/

地 [di4] /place/the earth/soil/land/

发展 [fa1 zhan3] /development/growth/to develop/to grow/to expand/

时期 [shi2 qi1] /period/phase/

自 [zi4] /self/oneself/itself/

实行 [shi2 xing2] /implement/carry out/to put into practice/

曾经 [ceng2 jing1] /(an adverb indicating sth. happened in the past/

做 [zuo4] /to do/to make/to produce/

过多 [guo4 duo1] /excessive/

次 [ci4] /nth/number (of times)/order/sequence/next/second(ary)/(measure word)/

调整 [tiao2 zheng3] /adjustment/revision/

说 [shuo1] /to speak/to say/

为 [wei2] /to do/to serve as/to become/

三 [san1] /three/

个 [ge5] /(a measure word)/individual/

学习 [xue2 xi2] /to learn/to study/

苏联 [su1 lian2] /Soviet Union/

从中 [cong2 zhong1] /from/therefrom/

国 [guo2] /country/state/nation/

五年计划 [wu3 nian2 ji4 hua4] /Five-Year Plan/

到 [dao4] /to (a place)/until (a time)/up to/to go/to arrive/

初 [chu1] /at first/beginning/first/junior/basic/

技术 [ji4 shu4] /technology/technique/skill/

援助 [yuan2 zhu4] /aid/assistance/support/help/

下 [xia4] /under/second (of two parts)/next (week, etc.)/lower/below/underneath/down(wards)/to decline/to go down/latter/

方法 [fang1 fa3] /way/method/

完全 [wan2 quan2] /complete/whole/totally/entirely/

按照 [an4 zhao4] /according to/in the light of/

模式 [mo2 shi4] /mode/method/

强调 [qiang2 diao4] /to emphasize (a statement)/to stress/

绝对 [jue2 dui4] /absolute/absolutely/

优先 [you1 xian1] /priority/

地位 [di4 wei4] /position/place/status/

对 [dui4] /couple/pair/to be opposite/to oppose/to face/

没有 [mei2 you3] /haven't/hasn't/doesn't exist/to not have/to not be/

足够 [zu2 gou4] /enough/sufficient/

重 [chong2] /to repeat/repitition/iteration/again/a layer/

视 [shi4] /to look at/to regard/to inspect/

几年 [ji3 nian2] /a few years/several years/

以后 [yi3 hou4] /after/later/afterwards/following/later on/in the future/

建立 [jian4 li4] /creation/set up/construction/build/establish/set up/

几个 [ji3 ge5] /several/

以 [yi3] /by/with/

工业 [gong1 ye4] /industry/

中心 [zhong1 xin1] /center/heart/core/

基地 [ji1 di4] /(military) base/

后来 [hou4 lai2] /afterwards/later/

之间 [zhi1 jian1] /between/among/inter-/

争论 [zheng1 lun4] /to argue/to debate/to contend/argument/contention/

给 [gei3] /to/for/for the benefit of/to give/to allow/to do sth (for sb)/

工业化 [gong1 ye4 hua4] /to industrialize/industrialization/

进程 [jin4 cheng2] /process/course/

很大 [hen3 da4] /tremendous/

困难 [kun4 nan2] /difficult/difficulty/

同时 [tong2 shi2] /at the same time/simultaneously/

忽视 [hu1 shi4] /neglect/ignore/

政策 [zheng4 ce4] /policy/

导致 [dao3 zhi4] /to lead to/to create/to cause/to bring about/

严重 [yan2 zhong4] /grave/serious/severe/critical/

退 [tui4] /to decline/to move back/to withdraw/

情况下 [qing2 kuang2 xia4] /under (this) circumstances/

放弃 [fang4 qi4] /to renounce/to abandon/to give up/

计划 [ji4 hua4] /plan/project, program/to plan/to map out/

并且 [bing4 qie3] /and/besides/moreover/

接受 [jie1 shou4] /to accept/

前 [qian2] /before/in front/ago/former/previous/earlier

教训 [jiao4 xun5] /(teach someone or learn a) lesson (ie, obtain wisdom from an experience)/

确定 [que4 ding4] /definite/certain/fixed/to fix/to determine/

原则 [yuan2 ze2] /principle/

方针 [fang1 zhen1] /policy/guidelines/

当时 [dang1 shi2] /then/at that time/

因为 [yin1 wei4] /because/owing to/on account of/

治 [zhi4] /to control/to harness (a river)/

上 [shang4] /on/on top/upon/first (of two parts)/previous or last (week, etc.)/upper/higher/above/previous/

排外 [pai2 wai4] /xenophobic/anti-foreigner/

主义 [zhu3 yi4] /-ism/ideology/

孤立 [gu1 li4] /isolate/isolated/

使 [shi3] /to make/to cause/to enable/

世界经济 [shi4 jie4 jing1 ji4] /global economy/world economy/

联系 [lian2 xi4] /to integrate/to link/to get in touch with/contact/connection/

很少 [hen3 shao3] /seldom/

开始 [kai1 shi3] /begin/beginning/start/initial/

直接影响 [zhi2 jie1 ying3 xiang3] /direct influence/immediate impact/

再一次 [zai4 yi1 ci4] /again/

出现 [chu1 xian4] /to appear/to arise/to emerge/

衰退 [shuai1 tui4] /decline/fall/drop/falter/

被 [bei4] /by (marker for passive-voice sentences or clauses)/quilt/blanket/to cover/to wear/

打倒 [da3 dao3] /flatten/

领袖 [ling3 xiu4] /leader/

们 [men5] /(plural marker for pronouns and a few animate nouns)/

领导 [ling3 dao3] /leadership/leader/to lead/

决定 [jue2 ding4] /to decide (to do something)/to determine/to resolve/

对外 [dui4 wai4] /external/foreign/pertaining to external or foreign (affairs)/

放 [fang4] /to release/to free/to let go/

积极 [ji1 ji2] /active/energetic/vigorous/

同 [tong2] /same/alike/similar/with/

合作 [he2 zuo4] /to cooperate/to collaborate/to work together/cooperation/

实现 [shi2 xian4] /to achieve/to implement/to realize/to bring about/

口号 [kou3 hao4] /slogan/catchphrase/

要 [yao4] /important/vital/to want/to be going to/must/

束 [shu4] /bunch/(a measure word)/

把 [ba3] /(a measure word)/(marker for direct-object)/to hold/to contain/to grasp/

建设 [jian4 she4] /to build/to construct/construction/constructive/

成 [cheng4] /finish/complete/accomplish/become/turn into/win/succeed/one tenth/

有 [you3] /to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be/

现代化 [xian4 dai4 hua4] /modernization/

国防 [guo2 fang2] /national defence/

新 [xin1] /new/

经过 [jing1 guo4] /to pass/to go through/process/course/

多年 [duo1 nian2] /many years/

主要 [zhu3 yao4] /main/principal/major/

产品 [chan3 pin3] /goods/merchandise/product/

产量 [chan3 liang4] /output/

方面 [fang1 mian4] /respect/aspect/field/side/

界 [jie4] /circles (ie, a group of people)/

各国 [ge4 guo2] /each country/every country/various countries/

比较 [bi3 jiao4] /compare/contrast/ fairly/comparatively/relatively/quite/rather/

已经 [yi3 jing1] /already/

巨 [ju4] /very large/huge/tremendous/gigantic/

人 [ren2] /man/person/

可是 [ke3 shi4] /but/however/

世界上 [shi4 jie4 shang4] /(of the) world/

人口 [ren2 kou3] /population/

最多 [zui4 duo1] /at most/maximum/largest (number of sth)/the most/

口 [kou3] /mouth/(a measure word, for people or persons in a family)/

平均 [ping2 jun1] /average/

计算 [ji4 suan4] /to count/to calculate/to compute/

她 [ta1] /she/

还是 [hai2 shi4] /or/still|nevertheless/

就是 [jiu4 shi4] /(emphasizes that something is precisely or exactly what is stated)/precisely/exactly/even/if/just like/in the same way as/

改变 [gai3 bian4] /to change/to alter/

这种 [zhe4 zhong3] /this kind of/this sort of/this type of/

为了 [wei4 le5] /in order to/for the purpose of/so as to/

促使 [cu4 shi3] /spur on/urge/to cause/to bring about/

贸易 [mao4 yi4] /trade/

争取 [zheng1 qu3] /fight for/compete for (a prize)/to struggle/

先进 [xian1 jin4] /advanced/

设备 [she4 bei4] /equipment/facilities/installations/

吸收 [xi1 shou1] /absorb/assimilate/

外国 [wai4 guo2] /foreign (country)/

资金 [zi1 jin1] /funds/funding/

用 [yong4] /to use/

刺激 [ci4 ji1] /provoke/irritate/

提高 [ti2 gao1] /raise/increase/

以来 [yi3 lai2] /since (a previous event)/

增加 [zeng1 jia1] /to raise/to increase/

经营 [jing1 ying2] /engage in (a business activity, etc.)/run/operate/

企业 [qi3 ye4] /company/firm/enterprise/

内 [nei4] /inner/within/inside/

工人 [gong1 ren2] /worker/

生产 [sheng1 chan3] /to produce/manufacture/

奖金 [jiang3 jin1] /premium/

制度 [zhi4 du4] /(political) system or institution/

普遍 [pu3 bian4] /universal/general/widespread/commonplace/

工资 [gong1 zi1] /wages/pay/

允许 [yun3 xu3] /to permit/to allow/

农民 [nong2 min2] /peasant/

由 [you2] /by/to/leave it (to sb.)/

收 [shou1] /to receive/to accept/

改进 [gai3 jin4] /to improve/to make better/

大力 [da4 li4] /energetic/vigorous/vigorously/

鼓励 [gu3 li4] /to encourage/

派出 [pai4 chu1] /send/dispatch/

大量 [da4 liang4] /great amount/large quantity/numerous/

留学生 [liu2 xue2 sheng1] /student studying abroad/(foreign) exchange student/

来 [lai2] /to come/

一片 [yi1 pian4] /piece/

改革 [gai3 ge2] /reform/

不久 [bu4 jiu3] /not long (after)/before too long/soon/soon after/

得 [dei3] /to need to/to have to do sth./

能源 [neng2 yuan2] /energy/power source/

交通 [jiao1 tong1] /traffic/communications/

运输 [yun4 shu1] /transit/

紧张 [jin3 zhang1] /intense/strained/tense/

超过 [chao1 guo4] /surpass/to surpass/to exceed/to outstrip/

支付 [zhi1 fu4] /pay (money)/

能力 [neng2 li4] /ability/capacity/

人民 [ren2 min2] /(the) people/

收入 [shou1 ru4] /to take in/income/revenue/

应 [ying4] /to answer/to respond/

压力 [ya1 li4] /pressure/

因此 [yin1 ci3] /that is why/for that reason/therefore/for this reason/

财政 [cai2 zheng4] /finances (public)/financial/

赤字 [chi4 zi4] /(financial) deficit/

外贸 [wai4 mao4] /foreign trade/

通货膨胀 [tong1 huo4 peng2 zhang4] /inflation/

这些 [zhe4 xie5] /these/

失调 [shi1 tiao2] /imbalance/out of tune/

现象 [xian4 xiang4] /appearance/phenomenon/

他们 [ta1 men5] /they/

首先 [shou3 xian1] /first (of all)/in the first place/

预算 [yu4 suan4] /budget/

投资 [tou2 zi1] /investment/to invest/

削减 [xue1 jian3] /to cut down/to reduce/to lower/

项目 [xiang4 mu4] /item/

重新 [chong2 xin1] /again/once more/re-/

安排 [an1 pai2] /to arrange/to plan/to set up/to set up/

顺序 [shun4 xu4] /sequence/order/

当作 [dang4 zuo4] /treat as/regard as/

重点 [zhong4 dian3] /emphasis/focal point/

其次 [qi2 ci4] /next/secondly/

减少 [jian3 shao3] /to lessen/to decrease/to reduce/to lower/

将 [jiang1] /(will, shall, "future tense")/ready/prepared/to get/to use/

还 [huan2] /to return/

体制 [ti3 zhi4] /system/organization/

以前 [yi3 qian2] /before/formerly/previous/

从 [cong2] /from/obey/observe/follow/

那儿 [nar4] /there/

特点 [te4 dian3] /characteristic/distinguishing/feature/

高度 [gao1 du4] /height/very/high degree/highly/

集中 [ji2 zhong1] /to concentrate/to centralize/to focus/centralized/concentrated/

一切 [yi2 qie4] /all/every/everything/

大权 [da4 quan2] /power/authority/

手里 [shou3 li3] /(a situation is) in (someone's) hands/

地方 [di4 fang5] /area/place/local/

什么 [shen2 me5] /what/

管理 [guan3 li3] /to supervise/to manage/to administer/management/administration/

全部 [quan2 bu4] /whole/entire/complete/

靠 [kao4] /near/by/against/to support/

拨款 [bo1 kuan3] /allocate funds/appropriation/

去 [qu4] /to go/to leave/

销售 [xiao1 shou4] /sell/market/to sell/sales/

利润 [li4 run4] /profits/

连 [lian2] /to link/to join/successively/

半数 [ban4 shu4] /half the number/half/

人员 [ren2 yuan2] /staff/crew/personnel/

态度 [tai4 du5] /manner/bearing/attitude/approach/

只 [zhi3] /only/merely/just/

要求 [yao1 qiu2] /request/require/stake a claim (to something)/to ask/to demand/

完成 [wan2 cheng2] /complete/accomplish/

指标 [ji3 biao1] /norm/index/target/

不管 [bu4 guan3] /no matter (what, how)/regardless of/no matter/

是否 [shi4 fou3] /whether (or not)/if/is or isn't/

符合 [fu2 he2] /in keeping with/in accordance with/to agree with/to correspond with/to be in line with/manage/to handle/

市场 [shi4 chang3] /market/

需要 [xu1 yao4] /to need/to want/to demand/needs/

做法 [zuo4 fa3] /way of doing things/a (regular) practice/a behavior/

较大 [jiao4 da4] /comparatively large/

规定 [gui1 ding4] /provision/to fix/to set/to formulate/to stipulate/to provide/

交 [jiao1] /to deliver/to turn over/to make friends/to intersect (lines)/

任务 [ren4 wu5] /mission/assignment/task/duty/role/

可 [ke3] /(for emphasis)/

根据 [gen1 ju4] /according to/based on/basis/foundation/

需求 [xu1 qiu2] /requirement/

间 [jian1] /between/among/space/(measure word)/

彼此 [bi3 ci3] /each other/one another/

竞争 [jing4 zheng1] /to compete/competition/

通过 [tong1 guo4] /to pass through/by means of/by way of/through/

平衡 [ping2 heng2] /balance/equilibrium/

放松 [fang4 song1] /loosen/relax/

营 [ying2] /army/to deal in/to trade/to operate/to run/

控制 [kong4 zhi4] /to (have) control (over)/to contain/

一些 [yi1 xie1] /some/a few/a little/

城市 [cheng2 shi4] /city/town/

不但 [bu4 dan4] /not only (... but also...)/

繁荣 [fan2 rong2] /prosperous/booming (economy)/

一定 [yi1 ding4] /surely/certainly/necessarily/fixed/a certain (extent, etc.)/given/particular/

好处 [hao3 chu5] /benefit/advantage/

有助于 [you3 zhu4 yu2] /contribute to/promote/

解决 [jie3 jue2] /to solve/to resolve/to settle/

失业 [shi1 ye4] /unemployment/

问题 [wen4 ti2] /problem/issue/topic/

摸索 [mo1 suo5] /grope/

中 [zhong1] /within/among/in/middle/center/while (doing sth)/during/China/Chinese/

前进 [qian2 jin4] /to go forward/to forge ahead/to advance/

虽然 [sui1 ran2] /although/even though/

表示 [biao3 shi4] /to show/to express/to indicate/indication/

决心 [jue2 xin1] /determination/resolution/to be determined/to be resolved/to make up one's mind/

采取 [cai3 qu3] /adopt or carry out (measures, policies, course of action)/to take/

措施 [cuo4 shi1] /measure/step (to be taken)/

但 [dan4] /but/yet/however/only/merely/still/

对于 [dui4 yu2] /regarding/as far as (something) is concerned/with regards to/

提出 [ti2 chu1] /to raise (an issue)/to propose/to put forward/to post (Usenet)/

速度 [su4 du4] /speed/rate/velocity/

难题 [nan2 ti2] /difficult problem/

失去 [shi1 qu4] /to lose/

信心 [xin4 xin1] /confidence/faith (in someone or something)/

作为 [zuo4 wei2] /accomplish/action/to regard (sth as sth)/to look upon (sth as)/conduct/

最大 [zui4 da4] /biggest/largest/maximum/

之一 [zhi1 yi1] /one of (sth)/one out of a multitude/one (third, quarter, percent, etc.)/

丰富 [feng1 fu4] /rich/plentiful/

潜力 [qian2 li4] /potential/capacity/

安定 [an1 ding4] /stable/quiet/settled/stabilize/maintain/stabilized/calm and orderly/

会 [kuai4] /to balance an account/

不断 [bu2 duan4] /unceasingly/continuously/

向前 [xiang4 qian2] /forward/onward/

强大 [qiang2 da4] /large/formidible/powerful/strong/

力量 [li4 liang5] /power/force/strength/